THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BULLYING BEHAVIOR PREVENTION PROGRAMS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS: Systematic Review

Background: Bullying is a phenomenon that often occurs in the school environment. Most teenagers have experienced bullying in the school environment. If bullying behavior is not handled properly, it will cause a decrease in self-esteem, increased anxiety and even depression and there is a risk of suicide. Several efforts that have been made to reduce the incidence of bullying in teenagers are through a psychosocial approach (Ahmed, et all, 2022). According to a United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) report, in 2018 around 41% of Indonesian students aged 15 years had experienced bullying several times a month (Shayo & Lawala, 2019). This study to conduct a systematic review regarding the effectiveness of bullying behavior prevention programs in secondary schools. Method: The research design in this article is to use a systematic review using PRISMA and PICOS framework guidelines to determine the criteria for articles to be analyzed. Articles come from 2 databases, namely PubMed and Google Scholar. Results and Discussion: Obtained 89 articles from PubMed, 56 articles from Google Scholar. After selecting articles, 15 articles were found that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to Leavel and Clark, disease prevention is divided into 5 stages, which are often called the 5 levels of prevention. Prevention of bullying behavior is found at two levels, namely health promotion and specific protection for adolescene (Andino et al, 2020). Conclusion: Preventing bullying at school can be effective by collaborating between parties and forming a school environment in implementing bullying prevention programs.